Squatters in Spain – Who Are the Okupas?

The problem of squatters is a recurring and worrying issue for many homeowners in Spain, especially those looking to invest in holiday properties or second homes. Squatters, people who illegally settle on someone else's property, can generate stress, economic losses, and lengthy legal processes for owners. However, there are key preventative measures and considerations that can minimize the risk of suffering from this situation. In this article, we'll explore what squatters are, how they work, and what steps you can take to protect your investment.

Who Are OKUPAS and Why Do They Pose a Risk?

Squatters are individuals or groups who enter uninhabited properties without the owner's permission, occupying them illegally. This practice has grown in Spain due to economic and social factors and the perception of some that unoccupied properties are "free land".

Types of Squatters

1. Squatters in Need: They are people or families in vulnerable situations who are looking for a housing solution due to the lack of resources.
2. Ideological Occupations: Groups that occupy property as a form of protest against housing policies or because of ideological beliefs.
3. Organized Mafias: Gangs that occupy properties for profit, renting them to third parties illegally.

Impact on Landlords

Squatters can cause physical damage to the property, economic losses due to lack of use or rent, and high legal expenses to regain possession of the property. In addition, eviction processes in Spain can be complex and time-consuming, especially when occupants are considered vulnerable.

Preventive Measures to Avoid Squats

To prevent squats from becoming a problem, it's essential to take proactive steps when choosing and managing your property. Here are some key strategies.

1. Invest in safe zones

When selecting a property, prioritize those located in safe and well-guarded areas. Gated communities with private security, for example, significantly reduce the risk of occupation. In addition, properties in areas with stable neighbors and a high occupancy rate are less likely to be targeted for squatters.

2. Installation of Security Systems

Investing in modern security systems, such as surveillance cameras, police-connected alarms, and reinforced doors, can be a deterrent to squatters. Statistics show that a property with visible security measures is 50% less likely to be illegally occupied.

3. Contracting of Surveillance and Maintenance Services

Keeping the property in good repair and with regular presence can discourage squatters. Hiring maintenance and surveillance services is especially useful for second homes that remain unoccupied for long periods. The constant presence of staff or neighbors who take care of the property can prevent it from looking abandoned.

4. Rental or Regular Use of Property

One of the best ways to prevent squatting is to make sure that the property is not uninhabited for long periods. Renting out the property, even on a short-term basis, can keep it occupied and generate additional income. Platforms like Airbnb can be a practical solution for those who don't use the property continuously.

5. Anti-Squatting Insurance

Taking out anti-squatting insurance is an additional measure that can provide peace of mind. This type of insurance covers the legal expenses for the recovery of the property and, in some cases, also indemnifies the owner for the damage caused.

Legal Procedures to Recover Your Property

If, despite all the precautions, the property is occupied, it is essential to know the legal procedures to act immediately.

1. Rapid reporting

The first thing you should do is file a report with the police. Response time can be critical, as authorities act more quickly in the early days of occupation. According to data from the Homeowners Association, acting in the first 48 hours increases the chances of a quick eviction by 70%.

2. Hire a Specialist Attorney

It is vital to have an expert lawyer in evictions and property rights. They will be in charge of guiding the legal process, filing the necessary documentation, and representing your interests in court.

3. Request for Precautionary Measures

In serious cases, your lawyer can request precautionary measures, such as immediate vacancy of the home if it is proven that there is irreparable harm to the landlord. These types of measures, although not always guaranteed, can speed up the recovery process.

How to protect your property from squatters?

The phenomenon of squatters can, for obvious reasons, arouse emotions among investors, but it is important to approach this issue calmly. The key is to choose the right property and manage it carefully. If these processes are handled correctly, the risk of unwanted visits will be minimal.

Here are some tips to protect your property from squatters:

1. Invest in a suitable area: Holiday properties bought by foreigners are usually in gated and often guarded urbanisations, so it is advisable to look in these areas.

2. Work with a trusted agent: They will advise you on where to buy a property and which locations to avoid (the squatting problem mainly affects large cities).

3. Rent when you're away: If you only visit your house in Spain during holidays, hire a real estate agency to rent it out in your absence (security and profits).

4. Connect with your neighbors: Ask nearby homeowners to keep an eye on and check your property when you're away.

5. Install security doors, cameras, and an alarm system: These solutions effectively deter intruders. If possible, invest in a system that turns the lights on and off to make it look inhabited.

6. Don't post photos of the property on social media: Social media can be a source of information for squatters, so avoid posting sensitive data or saying you're going on vacation.

At Azul Villa, our real estate agency focuses meticulously on selecting suitable and safe areas for investment. We understand that the phenomenon of squatters may raise concerns among investors. However, it is essential to approach this issue with serenity and preparation. The key lies in choosing the right property and in carrying out thoughtful management of it. Our experience allows us to provide advice on the best locations and management strategies that minimize the associated risks, thus ensuring a successful and smooth investment.